Crash Course
A second Crash Course
Define the terms ionic, covalent, molecule and lattice.
Ionic: Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal by forming a crystalline structure due to the attraction of cations and anions between multiple atoms
Covalent: Covalent compounds are formed by multiple atoms sharing electrons with one another to complete their outer rings.
Molecule: A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together that forms the smallest identifiable unit of a pure substance while keeping its chemical properties.
Lattice: A lattice in chemistry is a repeating, ordered three-dimensional array of points representing the positions of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline solid.
Describe the forces holding ionic compounds and metals together, i.e. the forces within the lattice.
Electrons are traded between atoms, causing attraction between the atoms, which form a lattice.
Describe the forces within a molecule (covalent bonds) and between neighbouring molecules (weak dispersion forces).
Covalent compounds in molecules are held together by electrons which are shared between atoms, pulling them physically closer together.
Describe the covalent network structure of diamond.
Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four neighbouring carbon atoms in a perfect tetrahedral arrangement, creating a continuous network of covalent bonds that requires immense force to disrupt, making diamond the hardest known natural substance.
Explain the relationship between the state at room temperature (i.e. melting and boiling point) of a substance and the strength of the forces holding the substance together for metals, ionic compounds, network covalent and simple covalent molecules.
If bonds between atoms are less strong then they will have a lower melting point because the ambient temperature will be able to force the atoms to move around more as their bonds are easy to break.
Extension: Relate electrical conductivity, solubility and hardness to the type of bonding present in the substance.
No way, not if it’s extension
Button blue